s:1195:"%T The role of farmer association in potential 'investment model' for RUPES in Ha Tinh action site for RUPES in Vietnam 
%A Hoang M H 
%A Thuy P T 
%A Campell B 
%A Van Noordwijk M 
%X Over the last two years, Payment for Environmental Services (PES) has received significantly attention and support from the government. While the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) is trying to integrate PES into the Biodiversity Law, the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) have worked on 'What percentage of the payments from electricity users should flow back to upstream people', the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) puts a great efforts to develop decrees and guidelines for How to quantify payment for watershed protection under the Forest Protection and Development Law. Different international organizations including ICRAF, IUCN, WWF, SNV, Winrock International and CIFOR have been also active in facilitating the process and tested several case studies on the ground. Still, there is a lack of policies and investment models of direct PES between individuals, communities and organisations, which has clear conditionality, realistic and voluntary. 
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