s:1823:"TI Nitrogen uptake of maize (Zea mays) from isotope-labeled biomass of Paraserianthes falcataria grown under controlled conditions 
AU Chintu, R. 
AU Zaharah, A.R. 
AB Roots can be an important though poorly quantified source of nitrogen (N) in agroforestry systems. Nitrogen uptake of maize using P. falcataria below- and aboveground biomass separately and their combination as source of N was assessed in a controlled experiment using 15N isotope labeling techniques. The 15N-direct and the 15N-indirect labeling techniques were compared for discrepancies in measuring N cycling from P. falcataria tree residues. N contribution to maize production was as follows; 40–57% from below ground biomass and 10–18% from above ground biomass (P < 0.05). Residue N use efficiency (%rNE) by maize was between 99 and 106% for belowground biomass 4–4.5% for aboveground biomass. This implies that though nutrient release characteristics of aboveground biomass are commonly used as a basis for selection of agroforestry trees those of belowground biomass would be of fundamental importance as well. Combining P. falcataria below and aboveground biomass did not result in significant (P < 0.05) effects on N recovered by maize suggesting the absence of decomposition interactions between the two bio-chemically contrasting residues. There were no significant methodological differences reflected in measured N cycled by maize from leaves (Ndfr); 15% and 18% as estimated by 15N direct and indirect method respectively. The two methods compared very well (P < 0.05) as tools of estimating N cycling from surface applied leaves. However the ability of the direct method to measure N without disturbing either the tree or the soil would make it a more attractive and valuable tool in N cycling studies in agroforestry systems. 
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