Early assessments of the potential benefits of agroforestry at the farm level were based largely on the assumption that it is possible to extrapolate from existing information on forestry and agriculture (Huxley, 1983; Nair, 1993), and partly on observations of trad-itional agroforestry systems that showed increased growth of understorey vegetation (Ong and Leakey 1999; Kho et al., 2001). Various negative effects have also been rec-ognized, such as competition for moisture, excessive shading and allelopathy, although these have attracted much less attention from scientists. Most of the evidence of benefits and drawbacks of agroforestry continues to be qualitative or indirect, i.e. extrapolated from a wide range of systems, creating often un-realistic expectations of the benefits of agro-forestry technologies (Garcia-Barrios and Ong, 2004).
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CIFOR–ICRAF achieves science-driven impact. We conduct innovative research, strengthen partners’ capacity and actively engage in dialogue with all stakeholders, bringing the latest insights on forests, trees, landscapes and people to global decision making.
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