Under German colonial rule (1886-1916), local commu nities in the forest zones of then ‘Kamerun’ were effectively excluded from all official forest ‘m anagement’ activities by an ownership system and property regime that only recognized Imperial ri ghts of extraction of forest resources and the creation of plantations (NN Mbile 2001, Oyono et al, 2006, Bigombe Logo 1996). These ‘Kontry’ people were considered labour, to be organized in the most efficient way to the benefit of the colonialists. The German act of 1896 (F Etoga, 1971) for in stance, typifies their mode of occupation. They assumed all ‘non-occupied’ territories to be fr ee for exploitation and should come under the dominion of the colonizing ‘power’, although plen ty of evidence was later generated indicating that, these ‘empty territories’ always possessed local dominion and usage (J.L. Dongmo, anonym .) Following the end of the First World War and the Versailles Conference of 1919, the victorious Allies re-partitioned former German colonies amon gst themselves and continued the exploitation of natural resources such as forests very much un der similar ownership regimes like the Germans before them, with local ‘rights’ only recognized to the extent that they served to smoothen the functioning of the colonial administration. Th us today’s northwest and southwest provinces, then referred-to as Southern Cameroons came under Br itish rule which she administered jointly with neighbouring Nigeria as a protectorate (Mbile NN, 2001). Effective occupation of British Cameroons by British authority required a form of governance with which the Cameroonians would comply willingly and thus led to the indigenization of the colonial State through the adoption of the system of indirect rule.
CIFOR-ICRAF s’attaque aux défis et aux opportunités locales tout en apportant des solutions aux problèmes mondiaux concernant les forêts, les paysages, les populations et la planète.
Nous fournissons des preuves et des solutions concrètes pour transformer l’utilisation des terres et la production alimentaire : conserver et restaurer les écosystèmes, répondre aux crises mondiales du climat, de la malnutrition, de la biodiversité et de la désertification. En bref, nous améliorons la vie des populations.
Explore eventos futuros e passados em todo o mundo e online, sejam hospedados pelo CIFOR-ICRAF ou com a participação de nossos pesquisadores.
Découvrez les évènements passés et à venir dans le monde entier et en ligne, qu’ils soient organisés par le CIFOR-ICRAF ou auxquels participent nos chercheurs.
Jelajahi acara-acara mendatang dan yang telah lalu di lintas global dan daring, baik itu diselenggarakan oleh CIFOR-ICRAF atau dihadiri para peneliti kami.
Explore eventos futuros y pasados organizados por CIFOR-ICRAF o con la participación de nuestros investigadores.
CIFOR-ICRAF publie chaque année plus de 750 publications sur l’agroforesterie, les forêts et le changement climatique, la restauration des paysages, les droits, la politique forestière et bien d’autres sujets encore, et ce dans plusieurs langues. .
CIFOR-ICRAF a un impact fondé sur la science. Nous menons des recherches innovantes, renforçons les capacités de nos partenaires et engageons activement le dialogue avec toutes les parties prenantes, en apportant les dernières connaissances sur les forêts, les arbres, les paysages et les populations à la prise de décision au niveau mondial.
CIFOR-ICRAF s’attaque aux défis et aux opportunités locales tout en apportant des solutions aux problèmes mondiaux concernant les forêts, les paysages, les populations et la planète.
Nous fournissons des preuves et des solutions concrètes pour transformer l’utilisation des terres et la production alimentaire : conserver et restaurer les écosystèmes, répondre aux crises mondiales du climat, de la malnutrition, de la biodiversité et de la désertification. En bref, nous améliorons la vie des populations.
CIFOR–ICRAF achieves science-driven impact. We conduct innovative research, strengthen partners’ capacity and actively engage in dialogue with all stakeholders, bringing the latest insights on forests, trees, landscapes and people to global decision making.
CIFOR–ICRAF publishes over 750 publications every year on agroforestry, forests and climate change, landscape restoration, rights, forest policy and much more – in multiple languages.
CIFOR–ICRAF addresses local challenges and opportunities while providing solutions to global problems for forests, landscapes, people and the planet.
We deliver actionable evidence and solutions to transform how land is used and how food is produced: conserving and restoring ecosystems, responding to the global climate, malnutrition, biodiversity and desertification crises. In short, improving people’s lives.
